Symptoms
The typical eczema rash usually starts as a raised and reddened scaly patch, quickly developing into weeping, pus-filled sores which may then crust over. If left untreated, the skin often becomes dry, cracked and itchy, and thicker in appearance due to the reaction to persistent scratching.In children between the ages of two and ten, the rash appears mainly in the folds and creases of skin including the backs of knees and behind the ears. In infants under two years old, the rash is most likely to appear on the face, elbows or knees.
Causes
The causes of eczema often has a strong genetic component, and there is often a family history of atopy. The condition may also be aggravated by house dust mite, cat and dog dander, or grass pollen, and other closely associated familial, allergic conditions such as asthma or hayfever. In adults it is also thought to have an emotional component as it often appears in times of stress. Thyroid function tests should be checked in chronic cases as this is one of its causes. It can also be aggravated by anxiety and chemicals.
Treatment
The treatment for chronic eczema usually involves the use of corticosteroid creams, moisturisers and oils. The strength of the steroid creams will vary depending upon the severity of the condition. Longterm use of steroid creams is to be avoided as much as possible as it can result in thinning of the skin. Avoidance of irritants or anything which aggravates the skin should be observed. With age, eczema often improves and can even disappear altogether. Some moisturisers contain antiseptics which are good for controlling the bacteria in the skin which affects the eczema:
Avoid spraying strong irritants like perfumes on the skin
Avoid balm creams containing lanolin as some can cause an allergy
Avoid chemicals like detergents and sudden changes in temperature of tap water
Look for trigger factors, particularly allergens from animal furs, soaps, deodorants etc.
Dr. A. Bose © allcures.com September 2002