Haemorrhoids are varicose veins that form either inside the rectum or just outside the anus. They will affect nearly half the UK population at some time in their life, with men being affected the most. There are three categories: those inside the anal canal (first degree), those that prolapse or come down during defaecation, (second degree), and those that permanently stay down (third degree).

Symptoms

Specific symptoms depend upon the location and severity, but include itching, pain, soreness and sometimes bleeding following defaecation. As a rule, the larger the haemorrhoid, the greater the discomfort and pain, and the likelihood that it may protrude from the anus and leak mucus that may cause itching and irritation. Internal haemorrhoids are more usual and commonly cause bleeding from the rectum, often displayed by streaks of bright, red blood on the toilet paper.

Causes

The actual cause of haemorrhoids is unknown, but it is thought that they have an hereditary or dietary component - the latter being related to a low fibre diet. Diet is important as it can lead to constipation and straining to pass stools, which in turn puts pressure on the veins in the anal mucosa. This is often why women develop haemorrhoids around pregnancy and parturition.

Treatment

It is possible to buy creams to help reduce inflammation and pain, but if symptoms persist or worsen, medical advice should be sought. Good anal hygiene is essential to keep the area clean, avoiding the use of strongly perfumed soaps for skin and washing powders in underwear. Ensuring that one eats a high fibre diet is also advisable along with plenty of fluids.

Haemorrhoid Treatments

Dr. A. Bose
© allcures.com September 2002